India's Bond Yields Spike Amid Supply Glut Fears

North Korea launched multiple ballistic missiles toward the sea on Tuesday in a move that coincided with high-level defense talks between the United States and South Korea. Officials in Seoul and Tokyo identified the projectiles as likely being short-range missiles, continuing Pyongyang's pattern of weapons testing.

The launch underscores regional tensions as Washington and Seoul work to modernize their military alliance and redefine the U.S. role in deterring North Korean threats.

Launch Details from Pyongyang

South Korea's Joint Chiefs of Staff reported that the missiles were fired from an area near Pyongyang at approximately 3:50 p.m. local time. The projectiles traveled about 350 kilometers (217 miles) before landing in the sea off North Korea's east coast.

Japanese authorities provided further details, with Japan's coast guard detecting the missile launch and noting a maximum altitude of 80 km. Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi confirmed the missiles would not have an impact on Japan.

Regional Condemnation and Protests

Both South Korea and Japan swiftly condemned the launch as a violation of international agreements.

• South Korea: The Office of National Security labeled the test a "provocative activity" and urged North Korea to immediately stop its ballistic missile launches, which defy U.N. Security Council resolutions.

• Japan: The Japanese government issued a statement calling the repeated launches a threat to the peace and security of Japan, the region, and the international community. Tokyo lodged a strong protest with Pyongyang, describing the action as a grave issue affecting public safety.

Strategic Context: Defense Talks and Arms to Russia

The missile test occurred as a senior U.S. Defense Department official was visiting South Korea to discuss the future of the two countries' combined defense posture. The talks have focused on modernizing their alliance, with Washington reportedly exploring a more limited role in direct defense efforts against North Korea.

In recent months, North Korea has frequently tested short-range missiles and multiple-launch rockets, which it claims are essential for its tactical nuclear arsenal.

Global interest in Pyongyang's short-range ballistic missiles and artillery has intensified after it began supplying these weapons to Russia. Under a 2024 mutual defense pact, North Korean arms have been used in the war against Ukraine, raising the stakes of its continued weapons development.

Source: AP

Spain's unemployment rate dipped below 10% at the end of 2025, the lowest level in almost 18 years.

Joblessness was 9.93% in the three months through December, the statistics office said Tuesday, adding that almost 22.5 million people are now employed in Spain.

In the past 45 years, there have only been four years during which the unemployment rate has fallen below 10%, according to data from the national statistical office.

Spain's economy has outperformed its euro-area peers in recent years as politicians embraced immigration to boost growth. In a further push Tuesday, the government is set to grant resident permits to about 500,000 undocumented migrants.

The measure is expected to offer legal status to people who were in the country before Dec. 31, have no criminal record and can prove at least five months of uninterrupted residence.

This week's positive jobs data underscore the resilience of the euro zone's fourth-biggest economy and may also shift some attention away from recent fatal train accidents that have put pressure on Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez.

He's also struggling to push through his legislative agenda. Spain hasn't passed a budget since 2023 and the premier needs the backing of at least eight political parties to get anything through parliament.

Source: Bloomberg Europe

German companies poured more than €7 billion into China in the first eleven months of 2025, marking a four-year peak and a clear pivot in global investment strategy. This figure represents a massive 55.5% increase from the €4.5 billion invested in both 2023 and 2024.

According to new data from the IW German Economic Institute, the surge highlights how aggressive U.S. trade policies under President Donald Trump are pushing industries in Europe's largest economy to strengthen business ties elsewhere.

US Trade Tensions Fuel Investment Boom

The sharp rise in German investment in China is directly linked to the Trump administration's trade policies, which have included significant tariffs on EU imports. This has prompted German firms to actively shift their focus toward China as a more stable alternative for growth.

The trend is further underscored by a corresponding decline in capital flows to the United States. A previous Reuters report revealed that German companies nearly halved their U.S. investments during the first year of Trump's second term. This shift helped China reclaim its position as Germany's top trading partner last year, overtaking the U.S. after a brief period.

This redirection of capital isn't unique to Germany. Governments and industries across the globe, from Britain to Canada, are actively seeking to expand trade relationships with Asian and South American markets to navigate the changing geopolitical landscape.

De-Risking with a "China for China" Strategy

The investment surge is not just about finding new markets; it's a calculated move to de-risk operations by building resilient, localized supply chains.

"German companies are continuing to expand their activities in China – and at an accelerated pace," said Juergen Matthes, head of international economic policy at the IW institute. He noted that growing concerns about "geopolitical conflicts" are prompting companies to make their Chinese operations more independent in case of major trade disruptions.

The core logic is to produce goods in China specifically for the Chinese market. As Matthes explained, "Many companies say: 'if I'm only producing in China for China, I'm reducing my risk of being affected by possible tariffs and export restrictions'."

Automakers and Manufacturers Lead the Charge

Germany's industrial giants remain heavily dependent on the Chinese market, which is the world's largest for cars and chemicals. Major players like BASF, Volkswagen, Infineon, and Mercedes-Benz are all deepening their commitment.

Volkswagen, Europe's largest automaker, stated that while both the U.S. and Chinese markets are strategically important, its investments are guided by local strategies. The company noted that technologies developed in China are now being used to strengthen its global presence in other regions, including Southeast Asia and South America.

The strategy extends beyond the automotive sector. The German fan and motor manufacturer ebm-papst invested €30 million last year to expand its Chinese operations, accounting for over a fifth of its total investments. The company's goal is to produce more where its customers are located.

"This model has proven to be an important anchor of stability, especially in times of tariffs and geopolitical tensions," the company said, adding that it also plans to expand its U.S. business this year.

The overall investment figure for 2025 not only marks a four-year high but also surpasses the €6 billion average recorded between 2010 and 2024, according to the IW report, which used data from Germany's Bundesbank. The trend reflects a broader strategic realignment, as highlighted by German Economy Minister Katherina Reiche, who recently emphasized the need to seek new alliances as established economic relationships become more fragile.

Artificial intelligence is impacting the physical world as it's being used to enhance efficiency and productivity in buildings from airports to hospitals, according to Honeywell International Inc.

So-called "physical AI" went from pilot projects to widespread adoption in 2025, with more than 200,000 sites globally implementing such tools to do things like configuring the workflow of a car factory or deciding what energy sources to use at different times of the day, said Anant Maheshwari, Honeywell's president of global regions.

"Every building needs energy efficiency, it needs a better way of providing safety and security, it needs a better way of providing productivity for people," Maheshwari said in an interview with Bloomberg TV on the sidelines of India Energy Week in Goa.

Honeywell is also using lessons it learned during the pandemic to make sure its supply chains can withstand the disruptions being brought about by constant tariff threats from US President Donald Trump.

"The trade order in the world is shifting, it's moving a lot more to bilaterals from standard global supply chains," Maheshwari said. The pandemic "was a great wake up call to everybody in creating supply chains that could work within local ecosystems. We did that and therefore we are very well set up to work with uncertainties that come in with any kind of bilateral changes."

Source: Bloomberg Europe

One year after its high-profile launch, President Donald Trump's Golden Dome missile-defense initiative shows little tangible progress. The ambitious national security project has become bogged down by internal technical disputes and serious concerns over its space-based components, delaying the release of billions of dollars in funding.

The executive order, signed on January 27, 2025, established an aggressive 2028 deadline to field a comprehensive missile-defense system for the U.S. homeland. Yet a year later, the program has barely touched the $25 billion appropriated for it last summer as officials continue to debate the fundamental architecture of the system.

Funding on Hold as Key Decisions Loom

According to two U.S. officials, the architectural design of the missile defense shield is still being finalized, preventing the large-scale execution of its budget. While the money is available, they noted that significant funds could be released once critical decisions are made.

In response to questions, a Pentagon official stated that the Golden Dome office continues to meet the goals outlined in the executive order.

"The implementation plan and associated technologies are dynamic; however, the foundational elements of the architecture are now established," the official said. "The specifics of architecture are classified."

The Contentious Debate Over Space-Based Weapons

The Golden Dome project envisions a multi-layered system. It aims to expand existing ground-based defenses—like interceptor missiles and sensors—while adding experimental, space-based elements to detect, track, and potentially counter threats from orbit. These new elements would include advanced satellite networks and controversial on-orbit weaponry.

One of the primary sources of delay is the internal debate over this classified space-based equipment. A defense industry executive suggested the dispute likely involves communications standards. Another executive speculated it could involve anti-satellite capabilities, which raises questions about how offensive weapons would fit into a defensive shield.

The United States has historically opposed anti-satellite weapons due to concerns about space debris, notably criticizing a Chinese test in 2007.

According to a U.S. official and industry executives, the space-based architecture must be settled before the program's director, General Michael Guetlein, can move forward with a planned series of procurement contracts.

Contract Awards Lag Amidst Uncertainty

The high-level debates have resulted in a slow start for procurement. So far, the Space Force has only awarded a handful of small-value contracts for Golden Dome.

In November, about a half dozen contracts, each valued at around $120,000, were awarded to companies including Northrop Grumman, True Anomaly, Lockheed Martin, and Anduril to build competing missile defense prototypes. These contracts represent the first small steps in a program Trump has said will eventually cost $175 billion. Since December, at least one classified briefing on the system's architecture has been held for defense companies.

Tom Karako, a weapons security expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, noted that much of the past year was dedicated to security reviews, staffing, and planning. He believes the 2028 completion date is unlikely.

"There is a lot that can be done in the next three years in terms of better integrating what we already have," Karako said, "but there's no question that there will be things that will be implemented and evolve after 2028."

The Unresolved Question of Greenland's Role

Another unresolved issue surrounding Golden Dome is the potential role of Greenland. President Trump has recently linked U.S. control of the Danish territory to the missile defense initiative, stating that acquiring Greenland is "vital" to the project.

However, defense experts point out that existing agreements already permit expanded U.S. military operations on the island. Further complicating the picture, one U.S. official confirmed that Greenland is not part of Golden Dome's proposed architecture.