Sri Lanka Holds Interest Rate at 7.75% Amid IMF Review

Market reaction and positioning

Implications for Fed policy

Source: Bloomberg

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The Federal Reserve is holding its benchmark interest rate steady, a move led by Chair Jerome Powell that directly challenges pressure from President Trump to implement cuts. This decision, announced at the FOMC meeting in Washington on January 28, prioritizes economic stability and has significant implications for risk assets, including cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH).

Fed Stands Firm Against Political Pressure

In a clear assertion of its independence, the Federal Reserve has opted to maintain current interest rates despite calls from the White House for monetary easing. The decision underscores the central bank's focus on managing inflation and fostering stable economic growth over responding to short-term political demands.

Jerome Powell's leadership is central to this policy, though the potential for dissent from figures like Governor Stephan Miran highlights the ongoing debate within the institution over the best path forward for the U.S. economy.

How Stable Rates Impact Crypto Markets

The Fed's decision to hold rates has a direct impact on the cryptocurrency market. Higher interest rates typically make holding non-yielding assets like BTC and ETH less attractive to investors, who can find safer returns elsewhere. This dynamic can place downward pressure on crypto valuations.

As a result, economists and market analysts are closely monitoring how the sustained rate environment will continue to influence investor behavior and the broader crypto ecosystem.

Economic Rationale: Echoes of Past Policy

The current strategy is not without precedent. The Fed's decision to pause rate adjustments mirrors similar actions taken in 2023-2024, which successfully cooled inflation without tipping the economy into a recession. This historical context suggests the central bank is following a tested playbook aimed at achieving equilibrium.

Furthermore, a high-debt environment limits the government's ability to use fiscal policy to stimulate the economy. As noted by KPMG's Benjamin Shoesmith, this fiscal constraint places more weight on the Fed's monetary policy decisions to maintain stability.

Expert Outlook: A Cautious Path Forward

Market experts largely see the Fed's stance as a prudent measure designed to ensure a gradual and controlled approach to future policy. Analysts like Gregory Daco and Seema Shah suggest this rate stability is crucial for long-term monetary health amid fluctuating inflation.

Daco provides a specific forecast on the timeline for future adjustments, stating, "We anticipate 50 basis points of easing through 2026... first 2026 rate cut is unlikely... before June." This outlook indicates that investors should prepare for a prolonged period of steady rates before any significant easing begins.

India and the European Union have unveiled a landmark free trade agreement designed to eliminate or cut tariffs on over 90% of goods traded between them. The deal, which has been nearly two decades in the making, will see India lower import duties in the politically sensitive agriculture and auto sectors.

The agreement arrives as nations worldwide forge new bilateral deals, recalibrating supply chains and commercial relationships in response to Washington's aggressive use of tariffs. This global shift is already underway. Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney recently visited China—the first such visit by a Canadian leader in 17 years—to strengthen economic ties. UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer is also scheduled for a three-day trip to China, the first by a British prime minister since 2018.

Despite its significance, the India-EU pact, dubbed the "mother of all deals" by European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, now faces its most unpredictable challenge: U.S. President Donald Trump.

The Trump Factor: A Persistent Cloud

President Trump, known for imposing punitive tariffs on both allies and adversaries, has not yet commented on the India-EU agreement. His silence is conspicuous and hangs over the deal.

Last August, the U.S. hit Indian goods with higher levies over India's oil purchases from Russia, just days after applying a separate 25% duty on New Delhi. With Trump's increasingly sharp rhetoric aimed at the EU, including threats related to Greenland, his potential reaction casts a long shadow.

Figure 1: U.S. President Donald Trump and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi during a meeting on February 13, 2025. The White House response remains a key variable for the new India-EU trade pact.

That shadow grew darker on Sunday when U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent criticized the EU for finalizing a trade agreement with India in an interview with ABC News.

However, there may be cause for optimism. India's Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Hardeep Singh Puri, told CNBC on Tuesday that the U.S. and India are at "a very advanced stage" of completing their own highly anticipated trade deal.

What's Inside the India-EU Agreement?

Under the terms of the free trade agreement, India will reduce tariffs on European automobiles and agricultural products. In return, the EU will lower duties on Indian exports, including textiles, leather, marine products, and gems and jewelry.

Figure 2: Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi poses with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and European Council President Antonio Costa in New Delhi on January 27, 2026.

While India is the EU's ninth-largest trading partner, making up 2.4% of the bloc's goods trade in 2024, the EU is one of India's top partners, alongside the U.S. and China. For comparison, the U.S. accounted for 17.3% of EU trade, China for 14.6%, and the U.K. for 10.1%.

Key Market Movers to Watch

Investors are also closely monitoring the U.S. Federal Reserve, which concludes its policy meeting on Wednesday. While interest rates are expected to hold steady, Chairman Jerome Powell's comments will be scrutinized amid rising political pressure on the central bank.

Here’s what else you need to know:

• S&P 500 Hits Record High: On Tuesday, the S&P 500 index reached a new all-time intraday high, driven by gains in Big Tech stocks ahead of their earnings reports. The Nasdaq Composite also advanced, though the Dow Jones Industrial Average declined. European markets closed higher following the EU-India deal announcement.

• Potential U.S. Government Shutdown: A partial U.S. government shutdown could begin early Saturday. The risk stems primarily from strong Senate Democratic opposition to funding for the Department of Homeland Security and other agencies following the recent killing of a U.S. citizen by federal agents in Minneapolis.

• Anthropic Secures Major Funding: The AI company closed a funding round totaling between $10 billion and $15 billion, exceeding its $10 billion target. According to sources, the round was led by Coatue and Singapore's sovereign wealth fund GIC.

The Australian dollar paused near three-year peaks on Wednesday as a selloff in the greenback turned into a rout, while a hot set of inflation figures at home ramped up the chance of a rate hike as soon as next week.

The Aussie was enjoying the view at $0.6994 , climbing 1.4% overnight to as high as $0.7016. That was the first visit to 70 cents since early 2023 and left the Aussie up more than 4% in just five sessions. The breach of the $0.69435 resistance triggered further momentum buying and targets $0.7158 next.

It got a further lift when Australian data showed a key trimmed mean measure of core inflation rose 0.9% in the December quarter, above forecasts of a 0.8% increase.

The annual pace quickened to 3.4%, up from 3.0% the previous quarter and the fastest in more than a year. It was also above the Reserve Bank of Australia's target range of 2% to 3%, setting the scene for a hike when it meets on February 3.

Markets now imply a 70% probability of a quarter-point rise in the 3.6% cash rate, up from 60% before the data. An increase to 3.85% is fully priced in by May, with 4.10% seen by September. (0#AUDIRPR)

Analysts at ANZ responded by changing their call to a hike next week, though they assumed it would be one and done, as inflation should moderate through this year.

Abhijit Surya, a senior APAC economist at Capital Economics, looks for rate rises in both February and May.

"Household spending has been growing strongly, business investment is rising in tandem, and the labour market is also tightening," he argued. "All of these factors will fuel the RBA's concerns that the economy is operating above potential."

Yields on 10-year bonds were left at 4.82%, after hitting their highest since late 2023 overnight at 4.901%. The spread over Treasuries stood at 58 basis points, offering an attractive premium to the out-of-favour U.S. dollar.

The New Zealand dollar was also firm at $0.6030 , after surging 1.2% overnight to clear $0.6007 resistance. The next targets are $0.6059 and $0.6120.

The Reserve Bank of New Zealand next meets on February 18 and is considered certain to hold rates at 2.25%, though again investors believe the next move will be up.

Source: TradingView

European Central Bank Executive Board member Piero Cipollone has declared that escalating geopolitical tensions are building a powerful case for Europe to establish its own fully controlled payment systems.

In an interview with Spanish newspaper El Pais, Cipollone highlighted the increasing "militarisation" of economic and technological tools, a trend he said exposes global vulnerabilities and reinforces the need for a payment infrastructure built exclusively on European technology.

"We need a system that is totally under our control," Cipollone stated. "This is what we are doing with the digital euro."

Currently, Europe lacks a homegrown cross-border payments giant to compete with the American duopoly of Visa and Mastercard, a gap that a digital euro could help address.

ECB Maintains Focus on Euro Zone Inflation

When asked about the potential impact of political pressure on U.S. Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell, Cipollone stressed that the ECB’s monetary policy decisions remain independent and centered on the euro-area economy.

"We are the central bank of the euro area, not of the United States," he affirmed.

Cipollone clarified the ECB's singular focus: "We set interest rates to ensure price stability — a 2% inflation target over the medium-term. What happens elsewhere matters only if it affects inflation in the euro zone."

Economic Resilience Faces Geopolitical Headwinds

Despite global uncertainty, Cipollone noted that the euro-area economy has demonstrated resilience and may deliver growth figures that exceed current forecasts. He attributed a recent upward revision in outlook primarily to investment, which boosts both immediate demand and long-term productive capacity, enabling faster growth without compromising price stability.

However, he issued a strong warning that rising geopolitical uncertainty could threaten this recovery.

"If uncertainty persists, it could undermine investment," Cipollone cautioned. "This would affect growth and, inevitably, inflation. If it persists, it will have an impact on the real economy."