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Canada is making a significant pivot in its foreign trade policy, building a new strategic partnership with China amid souring relations with its traditional ally, the United States. The move comes as the North American nation seeks more reliable trade partners in response to increased hostility and tariff threats from Washington.

During a four-day visit to China, Canadian Prime Minister Mike Carney announced the new alliance, stating it would be to "the benefit of both of our peoples." According to an official press release, the partnership will center on collaboration in energy, clean technology, and climate competitiveness.

Key Tariff Reductions and Market Access

The agreement includes substantial tariff adjustments designed to boost bilateral trade in key sectors. One of the most significant changes affects Chinese electric vehicles (EVs), which will now face a dramatically lower tariff of 6.1%, down from 100%. The Canadian government will permit up to 49,000 Chinese EVs to enter the country under this new rate.

In return, Canada secured major concessions for its agricultural exports:

• Canola Seed: Tariffs on Canadian canola seed entering China will be reduced from 85% to just 15%, opening a path for Canada to capture a share of the $4 billion market.

• Tariff-Free Goods: From March 1 until the end of 2026, Canadian canola meal, lobsters, crabs, and peas will be subject to zero tariffs.

Canada anticipates that these measures will encourage an influx of Chinese joint venture investments, leading to local production and job creation for Canadian workers.

Canada's Long-Term Export Goals

The partnership is a cornerstone of Canada's strategy to diversify its export markets. The nation's goal is to increase its total exports to China by 50% by the year 2030. This growth is expected to come from expanded collaboration in clean energy, technology, agri-food, wood, and other key sectors.

The scope of the alliance extends beyond economics. Canada has also declared its support for multilateralism and pledged to deepen its collaboration with China on "improved global governance."

A Foundation for a 'New World Order'

During a meeting with Chinese Premier Li Qiang, Prime Minister Carney highlighted the partnership's role in positioning both countries for what he termed the "new world order."

Carney later clarified that this concept refers to a future where global relationships are defined by new coalitions rather than by eroding legacy institutions like the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

"The expectation is that, rather than these being developed necessarily through the IMF, WTO, and other multilateral organizations, it is going to be coalitions that develop them, not for the world, but for subsectors of the world," Carney explained.

A potential leadership change at the Federal Reserve is taking shape, with former Fed Governor Kevin Warsh flagged as a likely candidate for the top job. U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent has indicated Warsh is a leading contender, with President Trump expected to announce a decision in January 2026.

The Push for a Pro-Growth Monetary Policy

The potential shift is driven by a clear agenda for a more pro-growth Federal Reserve. Scott Bessent has been a key figure in developing the shortlist for the next Fed Chair, advocating for a policy direction that mirrors the Alan Greenspan era of the 1990s.

Bessent has emphasized the central bank's role in fostering economic expansion, stating, "At a certain point, the Federal Reserve must also do its part to spur investment." This vision aims to create an environment conducive to greater fiscal activity.

Shortlist Signals a New Direction

While Kevin Warsh is a notable candidate, the selection process includes interviews with other contenders such as Kevin Hassett and Rick Rieder. Bessent has stressed the importance of integrity and a strict adherence to the Fed's dual mandate for any nominee. The final decision by President Trump is expected to signal a significant change in the course of U.S. monetary policy.

Market Impact and Potential Rate Changes

Markets are already reacting to the prospect of new leadership. U.S. Treasuries dropped following Bessent's remarks concerning current Fed Chair Jerome Powell, signaling that investors are bracing for potential shifts in economic strategy.

The financial implications of this pro-growth stance could be substantial, with a focus on prioritizing investment that may involve rate cuts starting in 2026. This comes as Powell's term faces scrutiny amid an ongoing Department of Justice investigation.

A potential chairmanship for Warsh is seen as ushering in a more flexible and open-minded policy framework, reminiscent of strategies employed during past technology booms. The administration's focus remains on ensuring transparency and addressing structural issues within the Federal Reserve to better align with its economic objectives.

The Trump administration has escalated its conflict with the Federal Reserve by opening a criminal investigation into Chairman Jerome Powell, a move that evokes the high-inflation 1970s when political pressure compromised central banks.

Economists are drawing stark comparisons. In 2019, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan fired his central bank governor for refusing to cut interest rates. The economic fallout was severe, with the lira collapsing and inflation spiraling out of control. Even then, the governor was never accused of a crime.

In the United States, however, Fed Chair Jay Powell is now the subject of a federal investigation concerning a $2.5 billion renovation of the central bank's headquarters.

A Public Break from Tradition

In a move that shattered decades of protocol, Powell responded directly to the pressure. He released a short video on the Fed's website, stating the investigation was a pretext engineered by the Trump administration to force deep cuts to interest rates.

Markets have so far remained steady, with stocks and bond yields showing little reaction. Investors appear to be betting that the Fed will successfully resist the political pressure. Still, economists view the situation as alarming. The White House and the Federal Reserve have historically served as pillars of global economic stability; now, they are in open conflict.

"It was leading by example," said Klaas Knot, former head of the Dutch central bank, reflecting on America's historical support for market-based institutions. "They have apparently chosen to set an entirely different example."

The timing of the escalation is critical. President Trump is promoting his economic agenda in Davos while the Supreme Court hears a case involving Lisa Cook, a Fed governor he attempted to fire over allegations of mortgage fraud, which she denies.

A Long-Simmering Feud Intensifies

The clash between Trump and Powell has been building for years. After appointing Powell, the president quickly turned on him when the Fed began raising rates. The attacks have grown more intense during Trump's second term.

Trump has publicly called Powell a "stubborn mule" and a "numbskull," stating he would "love to fire" the chairman for not cutting interest rates to 1 percent. The White House has since zeroed in on the Fed's building project, which is reportedly $700 million over budget and is now the focus of the Department of Justice probe.

For months, Powell remained silent, even as the administration tried to remove Lisa Cook from the board. His decision to release a video statement marked a definitive shift in strategy.

Political Alliances and Internal Dissent

The move triggered a reaction on Capitol Hill, with senators Thom Tillis, Lisa Murkowski, and John Kennedy all voicing support for Powell. On Wall Street, prominent figures like Jamie Dimon and Christine Lagarde reiterated the importance of central bank independence.

Glenn Hubbard, who chaired the Council of Economic Advisers under George W. Bush, commended Powell's handling of the situation. "He clarified what had happened," Hubbard said. "He didn't editorialize." Hubbard also joined every living former Fed chair in signing a letter that condemned the investigation.

Cracks have also appeared within the administration. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent publicly supported a review of the Fed but was reported to have privately urged Trump to drop the investigation. Treasury officials later insisted there was "zero daylight" between Bessent's position and the president's. Hubbard described the episode as an "own goal of epic proportions."

Complications for a Fed Reshuffle

The investigation has made it more difficult for Trump to reshape the Federal Reserve. Powell's term as chair is set to end in four months, but he is entitled to remain on the board until January 2028. Allies suggest that Powell is now reconsidering an early departure, a move that would have allowed Trump to appoint another ally to the board.

Gaining Senate approval for a new nominee presents another major hurdle. Senator Tillis has threatened to block any nomination until the probe is dropped. A prolonged delay could result in Powell remaining as chair.

The controversy has also damaged the standing of Kevin Hassett, a close Trump ally who initially supported the probe before backtracking, saying, "I expect that there's nothing to see here." While other potential candidates like Kevin Warsh, Chris Waller, and Rick Rieder have remained quiet, Stephen Miran was confirmed to the Fed board last year.

Lasting Damage and Market Hedges

James Egelhof of BNP Paribas stated that the Fed is expected to adhere to its established policy framework. Nevertheless, some investment funds are hedging their bets. Pimco, a firm managing $2.2 trillion, is actively reducing its exposure to the U.S. dollar.

Experts warn of the long-term consequences. Paul Diggle noted the risk of "creeping politicisation," while Adam Posen observed that foreign governments are now developing strategies "not dependent on the US."

Even if the case against Powell fails, economists fear the damage to the institution may linger. Lael Brainard warned that the investigation could have a chilling effect, making officials hesitant to speak freely. "Everybody is nervous," she said, "that they too could be the subject of a criminal investigation."

President Donald Trump is exploring an executive action to cap credit card interest rates at 10%, a move being considered amid congressional gridlock. The proposal is a central piece of a broader affordability agenda aimed at addressing housing costs and consumer debt.

The administration’s plan also includes measures to block institutional investors from buying single-family homes and a proposal to allow savers to use 401(k) funds for home down payments. Trump has stated that further details on these initiatives will be revealed during his speech at the World Economic Forum in Davos next week.

Discussions are actively underway. National Economic Council Director Kevin Hassett confirmed on Fox Business that the White House is in talks with major banks, stating, "They think that the president's on to something."

White House Sets a Hard Deadline

The administration is moving quickly, with Trump calling for a one-year, 10% cap on credit card rates to be implemented by a January 20 deadline. His team has also been meeting with homebuilders to discuss housing affordability.

The pressure intensified after Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt framed the initiative as a "demand" from the president, saying companies are expected to lower rates by the deadline.

Alongside the credit card cap, officials are also reviewing a potential ban on stock buybacks by publicly traded homebuilders, an idea first floated by Bill Pulte, head of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. While discussions continue, White House officials have confirmed that no final decisions have been made.

Industry Pushes Back on Rate Cap Proposal

The potential rate cap dominated earnings calls at major financial institutions this week, with executives from JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup, and Bank of America all raising concerns about the plan's feasibility and impact. A common theme was the lack of detail available to measure the potential effects on their businesses.

Key concerns from industry leaders include:

• Economic Slowdown: Citigroup Chief Financial Officer Mark Mason warned that a government-mandated cap could slow overall economic activity.

• Reduced Credit Access: Bank of America Chief Executive Officer Brian Moynihan suggested that if banks are forced to cap rates, they may pull back on lending, limiting access to credit for consumers.

Bank trade groups echoed these worries. Rob Nichols, head of the American Bankers Association, highlighted the fundamental risk of unsecured loans. "We're talking about unsecured lending," he said, "so it's not like an auto loan or a mortgage loan where there's something you can take back."

Debates Emerge Over Legality and Consumer Impact

As financial firms planned their responses, lobbyists worked to understand how Trump could legally implement such an order. According to one lobbyist involved in the talks, using the interstate commerce clause to override state usury limits is one option being discussed.

Consumer advocates are divided on the proposal. Some have warned that a 10% cap might be too low, potentially causing banks to stop lending to lower-income borrowers altogether.

However, others support the idea of a reasonable limit. Adam Rust of the Consumer Federation of America pointed to federal credit unions, which already operate under rate caps. "It's about finding a reasonable rate that doesn't undermine the ability of consumers who are struggling to get by," he said.

As an alternative to a mandate, Kevin Hassett also floated the idea that banks could voluntarily launch new "Trump cards" with lower rates. Following this theme, the company Bilt rolled out three new credit cards this week with rates capped at 10%, though the limit only applies to new purchases and lasts for one year.

The United States has imposed a 25% tariff on certain advanced computing chips, a move that South Korea's trade minister said will have a limited initial impact on the country's semiconductor companies.

The new measures, announced by President Donald Trump, follow a nine-month national security investigation under the Trade Expansion Act of 1962.

Why South Korea Expects Limited Disruption

According to Trade Minister Yeo Han-koo, the first phase of the tariffs specifically targets high-end artificial intelligence chips from companies like Nvidia and AMD.

"Since the memory chips that South Korean companies mainly export are currently excluded, the immediate impact is expected to be limited," Yeo stated.

However, he cautioned that it was "not yet time to be reassured," highlighting uncertainty over how a potential second phase of tariffs could expand. Yeo confirmed the government will continue to work with the industry to protect the interests of South Korean firms.

What the New US Tariff Actually Targets

The 25% tariff applies to a narrow range of high-performance semiconductors and devices containing them. Among the products explicitly named are Nvidia's H200 AI processor and AMD's MI325X chip.

The White House specified that the tariffs would not apply to chips and related devices imported for:

• U.S. data centers

• Startups

• Non-data center consumer applications

• Non-data center civil industrial applications

• U.S. public sector applications

Broader Goals and Looming Tariff Threats

The action is part of a wider U.S. strategy to incentivize domestic semiconductor manufacturing and reduce reliance on chip producers in regions like Taiwan. According to a White House fact sheet, the United States may impose broader tariffs on semiconductors in the future to further this goal.

The potential for escalating measures was underscored by U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick. Speaking at a groundbreaking ceremony for Micron's new plant in New York, Lutnick warned that South Korean and Taiwanese chipmakers not investing in the U.S. could face tariffs as high as 100% unless they commit to increasing production on American soil.

As Thailand heads towards a pivotal election next month, the ruling Bhumjaithai Party is campaigning on a platform to resolve the border conflict with Cambodia and crack down on the country's role as a transit point for human trafficking victims.

The conservative party, which assumed power in September, is positioning itself as the primary defender of Thai sovereignty following clashes with Cambodia that erupted for five days last July and again in December.

Sovereignty First: The Party's Hardline on Cambodia

Foreign Minister Sihasak Phuangketkeow, the party's second prime ministerial candidate after incumbent leader Anutin Charnvirakul, stated that if re-elected on February 8, Bhumjaithai will maintain its firm stance on protecting Thailand's territorial integrity. Simultaneously, the party aims to restore diplomatic ties to reopen borders and resume trade.

Anutin has leveraged a wartime leader image by aligning closely with the Thai military, a strategy that has doubled his party's popularity since border tensions flared last May. This hardline position resonates strongly with conservative and rural voters, especially in the seven northeastern border provinces, boosting the party's campaign with nationalist sentiment.

"We are determined to protect our sovereignty, our territorial integrity," Sihasak said in an interview. "I'm hoping that we will be able to put the conflict behind us soon, build up confidence and trust and move forward with our relationship."

Navigating a Delicate Ceasefire and Regional Politics

Sihasak emphasized that any progress is contingent on the December 27 ceasefire holding. Key conditions for normalizing relations include:

• The withdrawal of heavy weapons from border areas.

• Cooperation on landmine removal.

• Joint crackdowns on scam operations.

"This is still a very delicate period where we have to avoid all acts of provocation," he cautioned.

The foreign minister dismissed recent comments from Cambodian minister Keo Remy, who suggested Bhumjaithai's re-election would trigger a third border clash and advised Thais to vote for other parties. Sihasak labeled the remarks "verbal provocation" and interference in domestic affairs.

Bhumjaithai's rise came after the previous Pheu Thai government, led by Paetongtarn Shinawatra, was ousted. A leaked phone call involving a former Cambodian leader led to her court-ordered dismissal for ethical violations. While Pheu Thai claims it can also resolve the conflict, public trust has weakened due to the Shinawatra family's close personal ties with Cambodia's ruling Hun dynasty before the border dispute.

Meanwhile, the progressive People's Party, which has never held power, advocates for a peaceful solution but remains untested in handling territorial conflicts. Its anti-establishment stance contrasts sharply with a period of high public adoration for the armed forces.

A War on Two Fronts: Border Clashes and Transnational Crime

Thailand has framed the deadly conflict not just as a territorial dispute but also as a war on the transnational criminal operations that have taken root in Cambodia. The Thai air force has targeted several sites in the neighboring country, identifying them as abandoned casinos repurposed for military or drone activities.

Internally, Sihasak acknowledged that Thailand must address its role as a regional transit hub for victims lured into working for scam centers.

"If we are going to try to lead the regional and international efforts to combat scams, we have to look at ourselves and put our house in order," he stated. "You have to crack down on those involved, otherwise it's not going to be possible."

Economic Strategy: Rebuilding Trade and Investor Trust

The conflict has also drawn international economic pressure. In July, US President Donald Trump threatened to freeze trade deals with both Thailand and Cambodia if the fighting did not stop. After a ceasefire was reached, the US imposed a 19% tariff on goods from both nations.

Sihasak said a re-elected Bhumjaithai government would seek to lower these export tariffs in upcoming negotiations with US officials. He also plans to task Thai ambassadors worldwide with finding new export markets and attracting foreign direct investment to counter growing protectionism.

"We're facing more protectionism, more unilateralism, especially what we see coming from the US," he said.

Furthermore, the party aims to rebuild investor confidence. Thailand's stock market has experienced net outflows of foreign funds for three consecutive years since 2023, a period marked by political turmoil and two regime changes.

"If we have a stable government, we have consistent policies, I think we could reverse the trend," Sihasak concluded. "Thailand is still an attractive place to invest."