Volvo Offers Software To Rivals In Reversal From Coding Delays

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Summary:

Volvo Car AB is looking for partnerships for its new central software stack that'll run on all of its future electric models, a sign the carmaker has overcome earlier coding glitches that delayed vehicle launches and sparked recalls.

The manufacturer is open for pacts including licensing of the "superset" system that operates via a handful of high-performance computers, according to Volvo's Chief Engineering & Technology Officer Anders Bell. While a number of carmakers including Volkswagen AG have struggled to move to their own centralized software, those that have managed in-house can potentially tap new revenue streams.

"I am very open to collaborations in this area. The phones are on and the mailboxes are active," Bell said in an interview.

Carmakers, with a history of deep rivalries and spotty success on partnerships, have started to cooperate more on costly new technologies. This follows misses on developing in-house software systems, prompting model delays at the likes of VW and Stellantis NV.

VW last year turned to Rivian Automotive Inc. for a $5.8 billion technology tie-up for Western markets, after mounting setbacks in its Cariad software unit. It set up a similar venture for China with Xpeng Inc. Others, like Ford Motor Co., have scaled back projects that targeted architectures with centralized software functions.

While Volvo, based in Sweden and owned by China's Geely, is shopping its new code, geopolitics means pacts will be limited to partners outside of China, said Bell, who rejoined Volvo in 2022 after six years at Tesla Inc. In the US, regulators are also examining how Volvo's Chinese ownership intersects with data and cybersecurity rules.

Volvo suffered its own pitfalls in the shift from hardware maker into software with bruising delays of the EX90, the brand's flagship SUV: integrating a fully centralized software brain proved far more complex than anticipated, and customers reported a litany of errors. Bell said he's confident that Volvo's next EV, the mid-size EX60 to debut in January, won't have the EX90's problems.

"It has been an extremely big journey to become a software company, and unfortunately we had a spillover effect on customers in the early days of the EX90," Bell said.

The executive compared Volvo's transition to how Apple has built iOS or macOS, and how a central system is configured for successive iPhone or MacBook generations. "Which means: the bugs we solved once for the EX90 are already solved for the EX60."

Bell said he expected the broader industry to mirror moves by VW and Rivian, which are developing an EV and software platform they may sell to other carmakers in the future.

"It's a very interesting example of collaboration that may be unconventional, but it's completely in line with where I believe the development will go," Bell said about the initiative. "You can see carmakers that made big software bets, then went back and adjusted or found a collaboration."

Volvo is also open to sharing its new EV underpinnings, the SPA3 platform.

We're "completely open for business when it comes to collaboration," he said, citing the example of Ford licensing VW's EV platform for Europe. "You can absolutely create a unique customer experience on a technology platform that has been developed more generically."

Volvo's first vehicle made on the new architecture is the EX60, billed as the manufacturer's most important launch in decades. Sister brand Polestar will also produce cars on the platform and other brands owned by Volvo parent Zhejiang Geely Holding Group "may follow," Bell said.

While Volvo has resolved internal issues on software, it still needs to clear broader geopolitical hurdles that in a worst-case scenario could upset sales in the US.

The manufacturer is talking with the Commerce Department a proposed US ban on sales of vehicles that include software developed by Chinese-backed companies. The rules are set to take effect for the 2027 model year, and in a worst-case scenario could mean several Chinese-owned carmakers — including Geely-owned brands such as Polestar and Lotus — could face a sales ban.

Volvo Chief Executive Officer Hakan Samuelsson has repeatedly said he expects the issue to be resolved, though the US government shutdown that ended last month likely delayed the process, according to Bell.

"There is a distinct line between East and West that we have to relate to," Bell said. "Technically, we could open up our entire stack to the whole world. But legally, we cannot."

Source: Bloomberg Europe

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Dark Current

Economic

Commodity

Oil prices edged down on Tuesday, extending losses from the 2% drop in the previous session, with markets keeping a close eye on peace talks to end Russia's war in Ukraine and a looming decision on US interest rates.

Brent crude futures were down eight cents, or 0.1%, to US$62.41 (RM257.03) a barrel at 0409 GMT. US West Texas Intermediate crude was at US$58.75, down 13 cents or 0.2%.

Both contracts fell by more than US$1 a barrel on Monday after Iraq restored production at Lukoil's West Qurna 2 oilfield, one of the world's largest.

"Brent's slip back towards the US$62 (is) aligning seamlessly with the broader December narrative," said Phillip Nova's senior market analyst Priyanka Sachdeva. "The noise around potential Iraqi disruptions faded overnight, and the market quickly reverted to its core theme of ample supply and cautious demand expectations."

Ukraine will share a revised peace plan with the US after talks in London between its President Volodymyr Zelenskiy and the leaders of France, Germany and Britain.

"Oil is keeping to a tight trading range until we get a better idea of which way the peace talks will go," KCM Trade chief market analyst Tim Waterer said.

"If the talks break down, we expect oil to move higher, or if progress is made, and there is a likelihood of Russian supply to the global energy market resuming, prices would be expected to drop," he added.

According to sources familiar with the matter, the Group of Seven countries and the European Union are in talks to replace a price cap on Russian oil exports with a full maritime services ban, in a bid to reduce Russia's oil revenue.

Also on the radar is the Federal Reserve's policy decision due on Wednesday, with markets pricing in an 87% probability of a quarter-point rate reduction.

Lower interest rates typically are a positive driver for oil demand given the decrease in borrowing costs, though some analysts were cautious about how much impact this could have on oil prices for now.

"Although markets are largely invested in upcoming FED policy decision on Wednesday for a possible 25bp cut, something that could lend short-term support at the lower end of the US$60–US$65 band, the broader price structure remains anchored by expectations of an oversupplied 2026 (oil market)," said Phillip Nova's Sachdeva.

Source: Theedgemarkets

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Justin

Political

Economic

Thai and Cambodian troops exchanged artillery fire overnight, with Bangkok accusing its neighbor of firing rockets into civilian areas as the long-simmering border dispute flared into its most serious violence in months.

Clashes raged for a third day along the roughly 800-kilometer (500-mile) border, with the Cambodian Defense Ministry claiming that Thai shells killed two civilians overnight, raising the death toll to six. The Thai army said rockets fired by Cambodian troops struck two houses near the border, after previously stating that a soldier was killed and nearly 30 others were injured in the latest fighting.

Overnight clashes followed Thailand's use of airstrikes on Monday — its first since July — raising fears that the conflict is expanding just as the two sides struggle to uphold a US-led peace framework. The escalation also poses a challenge for Thai Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul, whose political calculus, trade negotiations and domestic standing are at stake.

Thai army spokesman Winthai Suvaree condemned Cambodia for firing rockets across the border, calling it a "violation of sovereignty and a serious threat to public safety." He said Thailand's military actions comply with international law.

Thailand said its air force and navy will continue to support the army in countering Cambodian attacks. Anutin has vowed to press on with the offensive to protect Thailand's sovereignty and has ruled out talks until Cambodia fully halts its attacks.

The latest bout of violence followed five days of military clashes in July, the deadliest in recent history that left nearly four dozen people dead and displacing more than 300,000. A ceasefire agreement was reached days later during talks in Malaysia and a peace accord was signed in October in a ceremony presided over by US President Donald Trump.

The agreement included deploying observers from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to help maintain peace.

Source: Bloomberg Europe

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Winkelmann

Forex

Central Bank

Economic

Following is the text of the Reserve Bank of Australia's statement on Tuesday after its monthly monetary policy meeting. At its meeting today, the Board decided to leave the cash rate unchanged at 3.60 per cent. While inflation has fallen substantially since its peak in 2022, it has picked up more recently. The Board's judgement is that some of the recent increase in underlying inflation was due to temporary factors and there is uncertainty about how much signal to take from the monthly CPI data given it is a new data series.

Nevertheless, the data do suggest some signs of a more broadly based pick-up in inflation, part of which may be persistent and will bear close monitoring. Economic activity continues to recover. Growth in private demand has strengthened, driven by both consumption and investment. Activity and prices in the housing market are also continuing to pick up.

Financial conditions have eased since the beginning of the year, credit is readily available to both households and businesses and the effects of earlier interest rate reductions are yet to flow through fully to demand, prices and wages. On the other hand, money market interest rates and government bond yields have risen more recently. Various indicators suggest that labour market conditions remain a little tight. The unemployment rate has risen gradually over the past year and employment growth has slowed. However, measures of labour underutilisation remain at low rates, surveyed measures of capacity utilisation are above their long-run average and business surveys and liaison continue to suggest that a significant share of firms are experiencing difficulty sourcing labour.

Wages growth, as measured by the Wage Price Index, has eased from its peak but broader measures of wages continue to show strong growth and growth in unit labour costs remains high. There are uncertainties about the outlook for domestic economic activity and inflation and the extent to which monetary policy remains restrictive. On the domestic side, the pick-up in momentum has been stronger than anticipated, particularly in the private sector. If this continues, it is likely to add to capacity pressures.

Uncertainty in the global economy remains significant but so far there has been minimal impact on overall growth and trade in Australia's major trading partners. Decision The recent data suggest the risks to inflation have tilted to the upside, but it will take a little longer to assess the persistence of inflationary pressures. Private demand is recovering. Labour market conditions still appear a little tight but further modest easing is expected. The Board therefore judged that it was appropriate to remain cautious, updating its view of the outlook as the data evolve. The Board will be attentive to the data and the evolving assessment of the outlook and risks to guide its decisions.

In doing so, it will pay close attention to developments in the global economy and financial markets, trends in domestic demand, and the outlook for inflation and the labour market. The Board is focused on its mandate to deliver price stability and full employment and will do what it considers necessary to achieve that outcome. Today's policy decision was unanimous.

Source: TradingView

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Samantha Luan

Forex

Economic

European Union (EU) members and Parliament reached a deal on Tuesday to cut corporate sustainability laws, after months of pressure from companies and governments, including the United States and Qatar.

The changes, which would weaken such rules for a large majority of businesses now covered, come in response to criticism from some industries that EU red tape and strict regulation hindered competitiveness with foreign rivals.

"This is an important step towards our common goal to create a more favourable business environment to help our companies grow and innovate," Denmark's European Affairs Minister Marie Bjerre said in a statement.

The agreement was a very good compromise, added Jorgen Warborn, a Swedish centre-right lawmaker.

The push to weaken the laws had dismayed environmental campaigners, some investors and governments, including that of Spain, which had urged Brussels to keep the rules intact to support European priorities on sustainability and human rights.

The EU's corporate sustainability reporting directive (CSRD) requires companies to disclose details of their environmental and social impact, so as to be more transparent to investors and consumers.

EU negotiators agreed that such reporting will cover only companies with more than 1,000 employees and annual net turnover exceeding 450 million euros (US$524 million, or RM2.16 billion), down from about 50,000 companies with more than 250 employees now.

For non-EU firms, the threshold was set at 450 million euros in turnover generated within the bloc.

The deal limits the EU's corporate sustainability due diligence directive (CSDDD) to only the largest EU corporations, which have more than 5,000 employees and annual turnover exceeding 1.5 billion euros.

The same rules will cover non-EU companies with turnover in the EU above that level.

The European Union has also dropped a clause for companies to adopt climate transition plans under the directive.

The United States and Qatar have pressured Brussels to scale back the due diligence law, warning that the rules risked disrupting liquefied natural gas trade with Europe.

EU co-legislators also agreed to cap penalties for non-compliance at 3% of companies' global turnover, with guidelines to follow from the Commission, and compliance required by July 2029.

Companies such as Exxon Mobil, as well as the leaders of Germany and France, had sought deeper cuts, including scrapping the due diligence law entirely, saying it hurt the competitiveness of European businesses.

The EU Parliament and EU countries must each give formal approval for the changes to become law, usually a formality that waves through pre-agreed deals.

Source: Theedgemarkets

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Justin

Forex

Economic

An employee works to produce artificial Christmas trees at a factory in Shaoxing, Zhejiang province, China, April 9, 2025. REUTERS/Go Nakamura TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY

China's Premier Li Qiang said on Tuesday the "mutually destructive consequences of tariffs have become increasingly evident" over 2025, in remarks at a "1+10 Dialogue" including the heads of the IMF, World Trade Organization and World Bank.

Without naming U.S. President Donald Trump, China's second-highest ranking official told the meeting in Beijing that greater effort was needed to reform global economic governance due to the trade barriers.

China's trade surplus topped $1 trillion for the first time in November, trade data showed on Monday, which economists say is linked to Trump's tariffs diverting shipments from the world's second-largest economy to other markets, putting pressure on manufacturing sectors in those economies.

"Since the beginning of the year, the threat of tariffs has loomed over the global economy," Li told the meeting, which also includes senior officials from the OECD and International Labour Organization.

Li also said artificial intelligence is becoming central to trade, highlighting models such as China's DeepSeek as drivers of the global transformation of traditional industries and as catalysts for growth in new sectors, including smart robots and wearable devices.

Source: Reuters

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Gerik

Economic

A Political and Economic Inflection Point

President Donald Trump has introduced a $12 billion aid package for American farmers to buffer the intensifying consequences of his aggressive trade policies. This move arrives at a time of legal uncertainty surrounding the legitimacy of his tariff regime, consumer dissatisfaction with inflation, and the political necessity to regain favor with rural voters ahead of a pivotal election year.

The US agricultural sector, historically supportive of Trump’s administration, has been severely impacted by volatile tariff implementations, particularly in relation to China. The trade war led China to drastically reduce purchases of key US exports such as soybeans and sorghum. Given that over half of the US soybean harvest is typically exported primarily to China the disruption has created significant financial strain for American farmers, prompting emergency government intervention.

The aid, largely managed through the USDA's Farmer Bridge Assistance program, will direct one-time payments to producers of row crops. Soybeans and sorghum farmers are among those hardest hit, both by reduced exports and by price suppression in the domestic market. The relief funds aim to stabilize planning and marketing for both the current and upcoming harvest seasons.

Source of Relief Funds and Legal Ambiguity

Trump has claimed that the $12 billion will be sourced from “a small portion” of revenues generated through tariffs. However, the legality of these tariffs is being contested in the US Supreme Court. The case centers around whether Trump’s use of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) a statute typically reserved for genuine national security threats permits him to impose broad, unilateral tariffs.

Congress traditionally maintains authority over taxation and trade. Should the Court determine that Trump exceeded his powers, the federal government may be compelled to refund a substantial portion of the estimated $200 billion in duties collected so far in 2025. According to the Tax Foundation, roughly 55% of these tariffs fall within the scope of legal challenge, with $100 billion in potential refunds at stake.

Corporate and Retail Reaction: Preparing for Refunds and Legal Fallout

Major US companies including Costco have already filed legal challenges seeking tariff reimbursements. Retailers are also preparing petitions and revisiting customs records to verify tariff overpayments. These measures reflect the increasing probability that the Supreme Court might strike down part or all of the existing tariff structure.

Law firms advising clients on trade compliance have indicated a state of legal limbo, where corporations are preparing for parallel outcomes whether the tariffs are upheld, modified, or invalidated entirely.

Political Motivations and Policy Reactions: Inflation, Price Fixing, and the 2026 Election

The farmer relief announcement coincides with growing discontent among consumers over persistent inflation and stagnant wages. This economic unease was evident in recent Democratic victories in key state races where affordability became a central campaign issue.

In response, Trump has begun to portray himself as focused on reducing consumer prices. He has directed the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission to investigate potential price-fixing in the food supply chain, particularly among foreign meat suppliers. Furthermore, he has floated the idea of a “tariff dividend” a potential $2,000 direct payment to Americans funded by tariff revenues to bolster support.

Loosening Environmental Regulations on Equipment Makers

As part of the broader effort to support farmers, Trump also proposed lifting environmental restrictions on tractor manufacturers. He claimed that regulations on emissions and safety features have unnecessarily inflated the costs of farming equipment, calling on firms like Deere & Co. to cut prices. The logic behind this move rests on the assumption that deregulation would reduce production costs, making equipment more affordable for farmers already burdened by falling crop prices and export restrictions.

However, this proposal reflects a correlative rather than a strictly causal relationship: while regulations may contribute to equipment pricing, broader market forces and manufacturing trends likely play more substantial roles.

International Responses and Trade Spillovers: Mexico and the UK

Internationally, Trump's tariff policies have had ripple effects. Mexico is currently considering its own tariff increases on imports from China and other Asian nations, including South Korea, India, and Thailand. The measure aims to address trade imbalances, protect domestic industry, and generate nearly 70 billion pesos in additional revenue. Business groups in Mexico remain opposed, warning of potential retaliatory risks and higher consumer costs.

Meanwhile, the UK’s trade minister is traveling to Washington to push for the full implementation of the Economic Prosperity Deal, aimed at reducing tariffs on UK pharmaceutical products and potentially on autos and steel. The uneven pace of progress underlines the complexities involved in bilateral negotiations within a shifting global trade environment.

Japan’s GDP Contraction and the Global Trade Fallout

Japan’s economy contracted by 2.3% in the third quarter of 2025, revised downward from earlier estimates. This was driven by weakening exports partly due to Trump’s tariffs as well as falling public and residential investment. The 1.2% decline in exports highlights the sensitivity of global economies to US trade policies, illustrating a probable causal link between tariff actions and GDP volatility in trade-dependent economies.

President Trump’s $12 billion farmer bailout and accompanying regulatory measures underscore the delicate balance between economic policy, legal authority, and political survival. While the short-term relief may ease pressure in key voting blocs, the long-term implications hinge on the Supreme Court’s upcoming decision and the durability of Trump’s broader trade strategy. With corporate legal challenges mounting and international partners adjusting, the stakes extend far beyond American farmland.