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High-frequency trading firms have posted strong profit growth in India despite regulatory curbs, showcasing their agility in tapping opportunities across the country's $5.4 trillion equity market.
High-frequency trading firms have posted strong profit growth in India despite regulatory curbs, showcasing their agility in tapping opportunities across the country's $5.4 trillion equity market.
Hudson River Trading LLC led the charge with a 156% surge in profit for the fiscal year that ended on March 31, according to filings. Optiver Holding BV and homegrown firms AlphaGrep Securities Pvt and Graviton Research Capital LLP also reported robust growth for the year.
The performance highlights India's growing appeal for market makers even as the Securities and Exchange Board of India tightens rules to temper retail speculation in derivatives. At the same time, regulators have taken steps to strengthen cash markets, expand ETFs, and deepen commodity derivatives.
The fiscal year for these firms ended about five months after SEBI started imposing curbs on derivatives trading by limiting the number of weekly contracts to one index per exchange, charging upfront for options premiums, and increasing the contract size. The regulator also imposed a temporary ban on Jane Street Group in July, accusing it of manipulative transactions involving options and shares — allegations that the firm has denied.
Jane Street and Citadel Securities LLC have yet to report their figures.
Even with the curbs, futures and options trading "has been the largest segment for HFT firms given the large volumes," said Sanchit Suneja, chief strategy officer at India's Motilal Oswal Financial Services Ltd. He added that algorithmic trading accounts for more than 50% of the total trading volume in the equity derivatives segment by value on the National Stock Exchange.
Hudson River reported a profit of about 22 billion rupees ($246 million), while its revenue from operations jumped 155% to 31.4 billion rupees, according to a filing to the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
Graviton, a significant player in cash equities, reported a 17% rise in profit to nearly 12 billion rupees. AlphaGrep saw its profit jump 77% to 4.74 billion rupees. Dutch firm Optiver reported a $44 million profit in its first full year in India, reversing losses in the first six months. The figures may not solely reflect income generated within India for the firms.
Algorithmic traders are also profiting from market making on exchange traded funds, and cash-to-futures arbitrage, Suneja said. Proprietary traders accounted for about 50% of the options turnover in the latest fiscal year, about 30% of cash equity trading and roughly 35% of futures, he said.
Meanwhile, HFT firms are also adapting and looking into multi-frequency strategies. Companies are also diversifying into other segments, while smaller retail investors are moving away from derivatives.
"There is a churn in users," Ishan Bansal, the chief financial officer of digital broker Groww, said on an earnings call on Friday.
The firm said a 10% to 20% growth in average order value per user in the derivatives segment over the last few quarters, Bansal added. That's because smaller participants are moving away from the futures and options segment, he said.
The relentless crypto bloodbath appears to have finally stalled, and signs suggest the market may have already posted a definitive bottom.
Bearish acceleration had driven prices to stark troughs, with Bitcoin grazing the $80,000 level and altcoins suffering even steeper declines. XRP plunged below $2.00, Ethereum tested levels near $2,800, and Solana dropped to trade near $125.
However, as key technical areas and Fibonacci retracements triggered interest from both opportunistic investors and algorithms, dip-buying has brought the Crypto Market higher to start the week. Bitcoin is now testing the $88,000 level, while Ethereum is climbing back towards the $3,000 psychological level.

Crucially, institutional flows are signaling a shift. Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs are seeing their first renewed inflows after a painful 6-week streak of net outflows that reflected general deleveraging across digital assets.
The Total Market Cap, which posted lows around $2.74T just last Friday, is also staging a recovery.
Buoyed by a broadly more positive mood in markets—fueled by a dovish repricing for the Fed's December meeting, strong beats on Nvidia earnings, and potential trade reopening talks with China—the total valuation is once again breaking back above the pivotal $3T mark.
This level will be extremely important to hold as it equates to the 2021 Bull Market peak.


Bitcoin Weekly Chart

A ruthless 37% descent for the pioneer Crypto has taken a break as multiple confluences of Technical Supports are coming through.
The 61.8% retracement of the entire move from the 2023 ($15,500!) lows has brought some interest, as this Fibonacci level tends to generate traction among Traders and Investors.
This also comes at an imperfect touch of the 2023 trendline, which presents one of the most important technical support on the long-run.
Breaking this line will let the $75,000 Liberation Day as an emergency lifeline but after that, there isn't much before the $60,000 Monthly Support.

A Bullish divergence on the 8H Timeframe also helped the shorter-timeframe buyers to step in quite aggressively.
A precedingly downside-broken Bear Channel pointed to extreme fear which wasn't followed by momentum accumulation, which tends to create Bullish divergences on the RSI.
These are strong setups for mean-reversion, however not much says for how long things will rebound.
Therefore, keep an eye on the Channel lows for Short-term support (if it breaks, more bearish).On the other hand, holding the Channel after a fakeout could lead to a $102,000 higher bound test.
Levels of interest for BTC trading:
Support Levels:
Resistance Levels:

The $2,700 Level mentioned in our very recent ETH analysis was used as a trampoline for Buyers.
The next test will be to break and hold above $3,000, which also corresponds with the mid-lane of the Channel. Above this, breakout odds greatly increase.

Levels of interest for ETH trading:
Support Levels:
Resistance Levels:
Venezuela is tapping Chevron Corp. for supplies of a key feedstock after a US warship blocked the path of a Russian vessel near the country's coast, threatening to roil deliveries of the much-needed material.
The oil major can only load crude oil after it delivers a cargo of diluent naphtha — used to help oil flow in pipelines — to Venezuela, according to a person with knowledge of the situation.
The Chevron-booked ship Nave Neutrino, which was scheduled to load a parcel of crude oil at the Venezuelan government-controlled terminal of Jose, left the coast empty after two days, said two people, asking not to be named because the information is private. The vessel instead sailed to the US Virgin Islands, where it is loading naphtha for Venezuela. After discharging at Jose, it will be able to load crude, one of the people said.
Chevron, which regularly buys naphtha for its projects in Venezuela, didn't immediately return a message seeking comment. The Houston-based company has said in the past that its operations in the Latin American country comply with US laws and regulations.
The last-minute change came after the Russian vessel Seahorse, on its way to back to Venezuela from Cuba, hit the brakes when the US destroyer USS Stockdale crossed its path. The Seahorse made its way to the Venezuelan coast after the warship moved away, according to ship movements tracked by Bloomberg.
The rerouting of the Nave Neutrino underscores the challenges Venezuela has faced since the US beefed up its military presence in the region as part of a campaign to force leader Nicolas Maduro from office. Oil production, already severely constrained, now faces a new setback as dark-fleet ships reconsider approaching Venezuela's ports.
Supplies of naphtha are tight in Venezuela after an explosion at a oil facility that helps separate the material, according to a person with knowledge of the situation. The oil ministry did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

The oil market received a boost from a broader risk-on move, with equities rallying and the market pricing in a higher probability of the US Federal Reserve cutting interest rates on 10 December. As a result, ICE Brent settled almost 1.3% higher on the day. However, the market continues to pay close attention to how peace talks to end the war in Ukraine develop. Reports suggest that there have been significant changes to the proposed peace plan, with the US and Ukraine essentially drafting a new one. The more contentious points, such as those related to territory, will need to be ironed out by President Trump and President Zelensky. Obviously, Russia must agree on any deal. For oil markets, a deal could remove significant supply risk, leaving participants to focus on bearish supply fundamentals through 2026.
European gas prices came under further pressure yesterday, with the Title Transfer Facility (TTF) trading below EUR30/MWh to its lowest level since May 2024. Ukrainian peace talks weighed on prices somewhat, while weather forecasts for December suggest milder-than-usual temperatures after a recent cold spell. The colder weather in recent days has led to gas storage in the EU falling more rapidly. It's now 79% full, down from a 5-year average of 89%. The large investment fund gross short in the market still leaves plenty of positioning risk, particularly as we move deeper into winter. For now, funds seem to believe that the supply outlook is comfortable, with growing LNG supply.
A majority Chinese-owned Indonesian nickel plant, QMB New Energy Materials, is cutting back production for at least two weeks because its tailings site is nearly full, according to Bloomberg. Indonesia accounts for around 60% of global nickel production. Its rapid expansion, driven by Chinese investment, is drawing increased local scrutiny. Much of this scrutiny comes from Indonesia's expanding High-Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL) segment. The combination of intensive acid use, high waste volumes and complex tailings storage raised environmental concerns. This could influence future project approvals and add uncertainty to Indonesia's supply trajectory. Indonesia's nickel strategy relies heavily on the HPAL method, which converts vast reserves of low-grade laterite ore into battery-grade nickel—a critical material for the electric vehicle supply chain.
Nickel is the worst-performing metal on the LME this year. Prices are down more than 4% year-to-date, and the global market is heading for another year of surplus in 2026. However, supply risks do exist, as Indonesia moves to tighten control over its mining sector.
London cocoa came under further pressure yesterday, with the front-month contract falling below GBP3,700/t at one stage, and trading to its lowest level since January 2024. The weather in West Africa has been largely supportive for the crop recently. Meanwhile, robust cocoa arrivals at ports in the Ivory Coast signalled an improving supply outlook. Recent official numbers suggest that Ivorian bean arrivals at ports have topped 100,000 tons for three straight weeks. They are now near last year's pace after a slow start to the season that began in October.
According to the Brazilian Coffee Exporters Council (Cecafé), Brazilian coffee exporters might take at least six months to make up for the volumes they were unable to ship to the US amid steep tariffs imposed by the Trump administration. There are suggestions that Brazil has withheld about 1m bags from the US market since a 40% surcharge took effect in August. Between August and October, exports to the US dropped 51.5% to 983.97k bags. Last Friday, the White House announced it would lift the 40% tariff on Brazilian coffee.
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