Chile Aims to End Copper Slump with Deregulation Push

A Radical Challenge to Fed Policy

Speaking at the Detroit Economic Club on Tuesday, President Donald Trump launched a sharp critique of the Federal Reserve's approach to interest rates, arguing for a fundamental reversal of conventional monetary policy.

Trump asserted that the central bank should be cutting rates, not raising them, in response to positive economic data. He contrasted the current environment with a previous era, stating, "In the old days, when you had good numbers, interest rates would go down. When you had good numbers, the market would go through the roof."

How Rate Hikes "Kill" Market Rallies

The president expressed deep frustration with the Fed's current strategy, claiming it stifles market potential. He argued that strong economic announcements now often trigger market declines because investors immediately begin to price in the prospect of the Federal Reserve raising rates to cool the economy.

"Today, if you announce great numbers, they raise interest rates to try and kill it," Trump explained. "So you can never really have the kind of rally you should have."

A New Vision for Aggressive Growth

Describing the current Fed chair as "a real stiff," Trump hinted that a new administration would pursue a dramatically different monetary course. He advocated for lowering interest rates precisely when the market is performing well to fuel further expansion.

"When the market goes up they should lower rates," he said. "You want to see 20% and 25%. You want to see what we can do." According to Trump, this aggressive approach would make the country "great."

He also touted the current strength of the U.S. economy, claiming it is significantly outpacing its global peers. "We're already growing double, triple and even quadruple the speed of almost every other major economy on Earth," he said, concluding with a bold declaration: "The Trump economic boom is officially begun."

Source: Reuters

Argentina's inflation rate climbed for the fourth consecutive month in December, exceeding analyst expectations and presenting a major hurdle for President Javier Milei's administration. Taming rising prices is critical for his goal of attracting foreign direct investment.

December Inflation Data Exceeds Forecasts

Consumer prices jumped 2.8% in December, outpacing the 2.5% median forecast from economists in a Bloomberg survey.

On an annual basis, inflation reached 31.5%. Despite the monthly acceleration, this marks the lowest year-end figure recorded since 2017, according to official government data.

Key Drivers Behind Rising Consumer Prices

Several key sectors fueled the price increases last month. The primary drivers included:

• Transportation

• Utilities

• Food, with beef cited as a notable seasonal factor

• Tourism

• Regulated services

This trend continues a pattern seen since September, with monthly inflation consistently remaining above the 2% mark.

Milei's Victory and a New Central Bank Strategy

The recent inflation figures come after a period of political volatility. A local election loss for Milei in Buenos Aires in September triggered a run on the peso. However, his subsequent landslide presidential victory in October helped stabilize the national currency.

In response to economic pressures, Argentina's central bank is overhauling its foreign exchange policy to build up foreign reserves. The previous system allowed the peso to trade within a narrow band that widened by a fixed 1% each month. Starting in January, this policy has changed: the band's expansion is now directly tied to the monthly inflation rate.

This means December's 2.8% inflation will cause the peso's trading range to expand at a faster pace in February.

Economic Forecasts for 2026

Looking ahead, economists surveyed by the central bank project a significant slowdown in inflation. The consensus forecast sees the annual rate falling to 20.1% by 2026, with economic growth projected to reach 3.5%.

The Bank of France has raised its economic growth estimate for the final quarter of 2025, signaling that the country’s economy is holding steady despite persistent political and fiscal uncertainty.

Q4 2025 Growth Forecast Upgraded

The central bank now projects that gross domestic product (GDP) expanded by "at least" 0.2% in the last three months of the year. This marks a slight increase from its previous forecast of "around" 0.2% growth.

This revised outlook is based on the bank's monthly poll of businesses. "The survey confirms that activity in 2025 was quite resilient, as the month of December showed an increase in both industry and services," said Chief Economist Olivier Garnier.

Navigating Political Instability

France has maintained its growth trajectory since the snap elections of 2024, even with repeated government collapses and ongoing concerns over public finances.

Currently, the country lacks a complete budget for 2026. Prime Minister Sebastien Lecornu continues to face challenges in reaching a compromise with opposition lawmakers regarding potential tax increases and spending cuts.

Business Uncertainty Lingers Despite Improvement

Reflecting a cautious optimism, the Bank of France's indicator for business uncertainty has fallen for the fourth consecutive month across both industrial and service sectors.

However, the gauge remains above the level the central bank considers normal. Business leaders largely attribute this lingering doubt to the difficulties in getting a budget adopted.

Garnier suggested that the economic performance could have been stronger without these political hurdles. "If there wasn't this uncertainty, we might have done even better in terms of growth," he said.

President Donald Trump is still pursuing his plan to send $2,000 tariff rebate checks to Americans, but the timeline has been pushed back, and he now suggests he may not need congressional approval to do so. This signals a potential strategy to overcome lawmaker opposition to the program.

Figure 1: President Donald Trump has floated a new timeline for his proposed tariff rebate checks, suggesting they could arrive late in the year.

In a recent interview with The New York Times, Trump indicated a new target for the payments. "That's coming in, that I'll be able to do $2,000 sometime. I would say toward the end of the year," he said.

This marks a delay from his previous estimate. In mid-November, Trump had told reporters the checks would likely be issued "somewhere prior to probably in the middle of next year, a little bit later than that."

Who Qualifies for the Tariff Rebate?

The proposed "tariff dividend" is intended to put cash directly into household budgets to help boost consumer spending. The program targets low- and middle-income earners.

While details remain fluid, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent has speculated that eligibility could be capped at individuals with incomes of no more than $100,000.

Funding Questions: Tariff Revenue vs. Program Cost

A key point of contention is the program's funding. U.S. Customs and Border Protection reported that revenues from import taxes reached $216 billion in the 2025 fiscal year after new tariffs were introduced.

However, economists estimate the cost of the rebate checks would be significantly higher, with projections ranging from $279 billion to $600 billion, depending on the final distribution model.

Trump has disputed the official revenue figures, arguing that tariffs are generating more income than reported. "We have taken in, and will soon be receiving, more than 600 Billion Dollars in Tariffs," he wrote on Truth Social on January 5.

Economists suggest this higher figure may include private sector investments pledged to the U.S. by foreign countries during tariff negotiations. Erica York, vice president at the Tax Foundation, noted in November that "private sector investment" is "very different from tax collections that flow to the Treasury."

Bypassing Congress? Trump Questions Need for Approval

The program's cost has drawn criticism from some lawmakers, who argue the revenue should be used to reduce the national debt, which now exceeds $38 trillion.

In his New York Times interview, Trump downplayed the idea that Congress could block the checks. When asked if he needed legislative approval, he replied, "No, I don't believe we do. We have it coming in from other sources."

This statement contradicts previous remarks from other White House officials. On December 21, National Economic Council Director Kevin Hassett told CBS News that congressional action would be necessary. "Congress is going to have to send those money to those peoples," he said.

The rebate plan faces another potential hurdle: an upcoming Supreme Court ruling on tariffs could strike down some of the import taxes, threatening the primary funding source for the checks.

President Donald Trump has dismissed the significance of the North American trade pact he signed in 2020, signaling a turbulent and uncertain future for the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) as it heads for a critical review.

Speaking during a tour of a Ford Motor Co. plant, Trump described the agreement as having "no real advantage" for the United States. His comments represent a significant challenge to the stability of the trade relationship between the U.S. and its two largest trading partners, creating fresh anxiety in Ottawa, Mexico City, and the American auto industry.

"We could have it or not, it wouldn't matter," Trump told reporters, adding that the deal is "irrelevant." He claimed the primary beneficiary is Canada and that the U.S. doesn't "need their product" because manufacturing is returning stateside.

A "Don't Care" Stance on a Signature Deal

Trump’s recent remarks are a stark departure from the praise his administration once had for the USMCA, which was touted as a signature achievement of his first term. The agreement replaced the 1992 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), a deal Trump frequently criticized.

When asked if he still supports the pact, Trump’s response was blunt. "I think they want it," he said, referring to Canada and Mexico. "I don't really care."

He elaborated on his position by targeting the auto sector directly. "I don't even think about USMCA," Trump said. "We don't need cars made in Canada. We don't need cars made in Mexico. We want to make them here. And that's what's happening."

This rhetoric aligns with previous actions during his second term, where he imposed new tariffs on Mexican and Canadian goods, citing fentanyl trafficking as a justification, before later exempting products covered by the USMCA.

What's at Stake: The USMCA Review Clause

The trade agreement now faces a mandatory review this year, and Trump's posturing introduces major complications. The pact’s future hinges on the outcome of this review process:

• 16-Year Extension: If all three countries agree to renew the deal before July 1, it will be extended for another 16 years.

• Annual Reviews: If there is no agreement, the countries must hold annual joint reviews until they either approve an extension or the pact expires in 2036.

Beyond the review, any country can withdraw from the USMCA with just six months' written notice. It remains unclear if Trump intends to trigger this clause, but the threat alone injects significant leverage into any negotiations and leaves the path forward ambiguous.

Auto Sector Braces for Supply Chain Disruption

The prospect of the USMCA unraveling would deliver a major shock to the Canadian and Mexican economies and disrupt critical industries that have built their business models around the agreement.

The auto manufacturing sector is particularly vulnerable. Decades of free trade have created deeply interconnected supply chains across North America, which would be upended if Trump terminates the deal.

U.S. automakers have urged the White House to negotiate a stable North American trade framework to maintain a competitive edge. Ford CEO Jim Farley highlighted the impact of trade policy, noting that tariff breaks for Japanese exports gave Toyota a cost advantage of $5,000 to $10,000 on SUVs compared to Ford, even though Ford builds its SUVs in the United States.

Trump’s indifference toward the USMCA leaves the future of North American commerce hanging in the balance, with major economic consequences for all three nations.