Global investment banks are lowering their projections for China's economic growth this year as U.S. President Donald Trump's aggressivetariffsare expected to take a toll on the world's second-largest economy.

Some of the banks had upgraded their forecasts for China just a month ago, encouraged by signs of improvement in the sputtering economy in the first two months of the year.

Sino-U.S. trade tensions have intensified after Trump announced reciprocal tariffs on April 2, leading to tit-for-tat duties on each other's goods. By April 11, China was all but under a U.S. trade embargo as tariffs rose to 145%.

Gross domestic product growth in the first quarter is forecast at 5.1% year-on-year, while full-year expansion is predicted to hit 4.5% in 2025, compared with last year's 5.0% pace, according to a Reuters poll, falling short of the official target of around 5.0%.

China is due to release its first-quarter GDP data and activity indicators on Wednesday.

Here is a summary of some forecasts for the China's GDP.

** In the previous factbox, some of the institutions raised their GDP forecast for this year following some early signs of economic recovery.

KEY QUOTES:

** UBS

"Under our current new baseline assumptions, we estimate tariff hikes this year to pose a more than two-percentage-point drag on China's GDP growth. We expect China's exports to the U.S. to fall by 2/3 in the coming quarters and its overall exports to fall by 10% in USD terms in 2025, the latter also takes into account slower U.S. and global growth.

While tariff exemptions will likely reduce the inflationary pressure somewhat in the U.S., we expect they are unlikely to affect importers' desire to find alternatives to imports from China. Therefore, we expect continued negative impact of the tariff hikes on China's exports in 2026."

** CITI

"We see little scope for a deal between the U.S. and China after recent escalations.

Domestic policies could focus more on demand expansion. We expect additional funding of 1 to 1.5 trillion yuan ($205 billion) while policy implementation accelerates. The People's Bank of China (PBOC) could cut policy rates by 40 basis points and reserve requirement ratio (RRR) by 100 basis points. Policy constraints such as the exchange rate and debt management could stay, however. With prolonged elevated uncertainties, policymakers could choose to keep more powder dry."

** GOLDMAN SACHS

"Recent events have underscored the speed with which President Trump can alter tariff rates, while also highlighting the likelihood that high tariffs on Chinese goods will persist.

We estimate that 10 to 20 million workers in China may be exposed to U.S.-bound exports. The combination of extremely high U.S. tariffs, sharply declining exports to the U.S., and a slowing global economy is expected to generate substantial pressures on the Chinese economy and labor market."

Source: TradingView

Unemployment held steady at 4.4%, where it has been since last November, while employment rose by a better-than-expected 206k on a rolling 3-month basis.

Meanwhile, earnings continued to increase at a rapid clip, albeit somewhat softer than consensus. Overall pay rose 5.6% YoY, and regular pay by 5.9% YoY over the same period. While one old hope that earnings pressures fade somewhat as the year progresses, this is by no means guaranteed, even if risks to the labour market are biased towards weakness, as the impacts of the National Insurance changes are felt from Q2 onwards. Right now, though, the current clip of pay growth is clearly incompatible with a sustainable return to the BoE's 2% inflation target over the medium-term.

In any case, though, policymakers on Threadneedle Street are unlikely to place much weight on this morning's figures. While well-documented issues continue to plague the unemployment data, the earnings series is now also subject to question marks, and potential revisions, given late pay data submissions. At the present rate, the ONS seem unlikely to have got their house ‘in order' until the tail end of next year at the earliest.

Taking that into account, it's tough to imagine today's data materially changing the policy outlook for the ‘Old Lady'. A 25bp cut at the next meeting in early-May remains nailed on, with further such cuts likely to be delivered on a quarterly basis over the remainder of the year, as headline CPI remains on a path towards 4% over the summer.

That said, risks to the outlook do now tilt in a distinctly more dovish direction, as downside growth risks continue to mount, chiefly as a result of President Trump's numerous tariff announcements. Were policymakers to become confident that the risks of inflation persistence had sufficiently abated, a more rapid pace of normalisation could be delivered. Tomorrow's March CPI data will, hence, be considerably more impactful in moving the needle for the BoE.

Source: Pepperstone

China Suspends Rare Earth Exports Amid U.S. Trade Tariffs

Experts emphasize the move highlights China's strategic use of its dominance in rare earth production, potentially complicating global supply chain protocols.

The Chinese government halted exports of rare earth minerals, citing retaliation for U.S. tariff hikes on tech products. This action affects companies like Tesla, Apple, and military firms relying on critical resources.

President Donald Trump has imposed significant tariffs on Chinese goods, while a new Chinese licensing system is expected to cause further supply delays. Analysts worry global entities will be scrambling for alternatives as disruptions are anticipated.

American manufacturers and defense firms face increased costs due to limited U.S. rare earth reserves. Industrial disruptions may increase volatility in ETFs tied to rare earth materials.

The suspension affects multiple industries globally and could lead to immediate price increases. Historically, such actions have caused major fluctuations in related markets.

Companies worldwide may seek alternative sources, which could lead to increased demand for rare earth resources outside China. Past precedents indicate slow development of new supply chains and potential long-term shortages.

Analysts note a potential uptick in resource-driven inflation impacting broader markets and investor actions. The U.S. may enhance its strategic stockpiles or diversify through partnerships with other nations.

Source: CryptoSlate

The AUDUSD is once again flirting with its 100-day moving average, currently near 0.62917, and the risk is that history repeats. The last two breaks above this key technical level failed to hold, both stalling at 0.6390 before rotating back lower. Today’s attempt showed even less momentum, with the high reaching just 0.6340 before sellers leaned in and the pair reversed.

If the pair can't hold above the 100-day MA, attention will shift back toward downside support targets. The first is the 200-hour moving average at 0.6259, followed by the 100-hour moving average at 0.6220. A move below both would confirm that the recent break was another false start—and place sellers firmly back in control.

The technical picture remains precarious. Buyers need to not just break the 100-day MA, but sustain momentum above it. Without that, the bias stays bearish and the AUDUSD may just be “doing it again.”

Key levels:

• Resistance: 0.62917 (100-day MA), 0.6340, 0.6390

• Support: 0.6259 (200-hour MA), 0.6220 (100-hour MA)

AUDUSD technicals.

Source: ForexLive

Credit spreads reflect the perceived risk of corporate bonds compared to government bonds. The spread between risky corporate bonds and safer Treasury bonds remains narrow when the economy performs well. This is because investors are confident in corporate profitability and are willing to accept lower yields for higher risks.

Conversely, during economic uncertainty or stress, investors demand higher yields for holding corporate debt, causing spreads to widen. This widening often signals investors are growing concerned about future corporate defaults, which could indicate broader economic trouble.

The two charts above show that credit spreads are essential for stock market investors. Watching spreads provides insights into the health of the corporate sector, which is a major driver of equity performance. When credit spreads widen, they often precede liquidity events, reduced corporate earnings, economic contractions, and stock market downturns.

Widening credit spreads are commonly associated with increased risk aversion among investors. Historically, significant widening of credit spreads has foreshadowed recessions and major market sell-offs. Here’s why:

1. Corporate Financial Health: Credit spreads reflect investor views on corporate solvency. A rising spread suggests a growing concern over companies’ ability to service their debt. Particularly if the economy slows or interest rates rise.
2. Risk Sentiment Shift: Credit markets tend to be more sensitive to economic shocks than equity markets. When credit spreads widen, it typically indicates that the fixed-income market is pricing in higher risks. This is often a leading indicator of equity market stress.
3. Liquidity Events: As investors become more risk-averse, they shift capital from corporate bonds to safer assets like Treasury bonds. The flight to safety reduces liquidity in the corporate bond market. Less liquidity potentially leads to tighter credit conditions that affect businesses’ ability to invest and grow, weighing on stock prices.

The recent market disruption caused by Trump’s trade war has undoubtedly widened spreads between “risk-free” treasury yields and corporate bonds. However, while those spreads have widened, they remain well below the long-term averages. With inflation and economic growth slowing, this week’s violent turmoil in the Treasury bond market is a signal of more than just recession concerns. As we noted in our Daily Market Commentary:

“On Monday, Treasury bonds had a sharp decline far beyond what the economic or tariff data suggested would be the case. We suspect that on Monday, there was forced liquidation through either margin calls or demand redemption of an institutional fund. The outsized selling and volume on a single day for bonds is highly unusual. The media excuses of “tariffs” or “economic concerns” are issues the bond market has known about for quite some time.”

That type of sharp liquidation has historically been the issue of some liquidity events in the bond market. In this case, it appears to be the heavily leveraged arbitrage trade used by hedge funds.

The “Basis Trade” – A Near LTCM Moment

For a simple explanation of the basis trade, I asked Grok:

“The “basis trade” in the Treasury bond market is a strategy commonly used by hedge funds to profit from small price discrepancies between Treasury bonds (the cash market) and Treasury futures contracts. Here’s how it works: hedge funds buy Treasury bonds while simultaneously shorting Treasury futures (or vice versa), betting that the price gap, or “basis,” between the two will converge.

This trade relies heavily on leverage—often 20 to 56 times the initial investment—borrowed through the repurchase (repo) market, where Treasuries are used as collateral. The goal is to capture small, consistent profits from this arbitrage, amplified by the leverage while assuming the relationship between cash bonds and futures remains stable.”

While the Fed suggests that the hedge fund basis trades leverage is above 50x, the Treasury Borrowing Advisory Committee wrote in January that “20x appears to be a good approximation of leverage typically used in these trades.”

If you don’t understand that math, it simply means that a 5% loss at 20x leverage is a 100% loss on the trade.

Furthermore, just for context, when Long Term Capital Management (LTCM) blew up over an unexpected move in interest rates, it cost the Fed $100 billion to keep financial markets afloat. As shown below, the current magnitude of today’s hedge fund giants running these “basis trades” are multiples of LTCM.

As of this past week, the market liquidity event appears to be the “basis trade” unraveling. This turbulence is driven by hedge funds being forced to unwind their basis trade positions as Treasury prices drop (and yields rise.) That change in the value of the collateral backing those leveraged bets decreases, triggering margin calls from lenders.

To meet those margin calls, hedge funds must sell their Treasury holdings, which exacerbates the downward pressure on bond prices, increasing yields, which triggers more liquidations.

This “liquidation event” in the bond market is very reminiscent of the “Repo Crisis” in 2019 and the “Dash For Cash” during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also reminds us of the “Silicon Valley Bank Crisis” in 2023. In all three events, the Federal Reserve stepped in to provide liquidity to the Treasury market. As Deutsche Bank noted on Wednesday:

“As far as the market circuit-breakers go, if recent disruption in the US Treasury market continues we see no other option for the Fed but to step in with emergency purchases of US Treasuries to stabilize the bond market (“emergency QE”). This would be very similar to the Bank of England intervention following the gilt crisis of 2022. While we suspect the Fed could be successful in stabilizing the market in the short-term, we would argue there is only one thing that can stabilize some of the more medium-term financial market shifts that have been unleashed: a reversal in the policies of the Trump administration itself.”

For a deeper dive into the “basis trade,” watch the following excerpt from the RealInvestmentShow:

The reversal of Trump’s tariffs on Wednesday was not a “master class in negotiation.” It was the admission that a terrible mistake was made, and the bond market drove that reversal.

However, is the problem resolved? It does not appear to be due to yields continuing to rise. Both credit spreads and interest rates are sending warning signs but are not yet at levels suggesting the entire funding market is broken. The bond market is functioning, and the 10-year auction on Wednesday went well.

Furthermore, hopefully, the administration’s 90-day pause on tariffs is the first step in the right direction to end the trade war entirely or at least reduce it significantly.

Regardless, I doubt that we are done with market volatility. The damage done to the bond market so far is likely not over yet, and while we may get a short-term reprieve, I suspect there will be another round of bond market stress before we are done.

That is particularly the case given the recent triggering of our most crucial risk-management signal.

Tariff Reprieve Sends Stocks Surging

Last week, we noted that the market was not expecting retaliation from China.

“Rather than coming to the table to negotiate, China responded with a reciprocal 34% tariff on the U.S. plus export controls on rare earth metals needed for technological production. China is playing “hardball” negotiating tactics with Trump. This was a smart move from a negotiating standpoint by China, allowing President Xi to open tariff discussions from a point of strength. However, without some resolution to the extraordinary tariffs, the market will remain in turmoil for quite some time.”

That battle persisted this week as Trump raised tariffs on China to 104%, and China then retaliated with a further tariff increase of 84%. However, as we said last week, any good news would cause the market to rally sharply. On Wednesday, President Trump announced a 90-day pause on the full effect of new tariffs.

Interestingly, the same headline sent stocks surging on Monday but was quickly deemed “fake news” by the White House. I suspect that Monday was a “leak” by the White House to test the market response, and President Trump kept that announcement handy to stave off a further decline in the markets. Whatever the reason, the markets needed the break. Here is Trump’s full statement:

From a technical view, the market completed an expected retracement from the October 2022 lows. Last week, we laid out the potential correction levels.

1. The recent lows are around 5500. (That level was violated)
2. Immediately below that is the 38.2% retracement level at 5134 (Is being challenged)
3. Lastly, the 50% retracement level at 4816 should hold, barring the onset of a fiscal event or recession.

Notably, we stated that:

“The market should be able to find some support at this level and muster a short-term rally next week. However, there is a downside risk to 4816, which would be a 50% retracement of the bull market rally. Any positive announcements over the weekend could spark a relatively robust reversal rally, given the more than three-standard deviation gap between where the market closed and the 50-DMA.“

That 38.2% retracement level, using the bull market from October 2022 lows, was broken early Monday morning as stocks plunged lower amid rising tariff concerns and a blowup in the bond market. However, the market finally tested the 50% retracement level on Wednesday morning.

Given the deep oversold condition, President Trump’s announcement to pause tariffs led to the 3rd largest single-day rally since WWII. For now, the market should be able to hold support at the previous lows and hopefully find a bit more relief into next week.

As I noted in the previous two weeks, we strongly lean toward the potential of the markets beginning a more extensive corrective process, much like in 2022. We will revisit that analysis in this weekend’s newsletter. However, while we are concerned about a continued correction process as markets realign prices to forward earnings expectations, there will still be strong intermittent rallies.

As noted last week, nothing in the market is guaranteed. Therefore, we continue managing risk accordingly, and as we stated last week and executed on Wednesday, we are now in “sell the rally” mode until the markets find equilibrium. When that will be, we are uncertain, so we continue to watch the technicals, make small moves within portfolios, and reduce volatility risk as needed.

This week, we will revisit the 2022 scenario and the “basis trade,” which threatens the financial markets.

Despite The Tariff Reprieve – Sell Signal Triggers

Last Tuesday, I posted “Failure At The 200-DMA” which discussed the importance of the weekly “risk management” signal.

The chart below is a long-term weekly chart of RSI and MACD indicators. I have denoted when the indicators are trading in bullish and bearish trends. The primary signal is the crossover of the weekly moving averages, as noted by the vertical lines. While the MACD and RSI indicators provided early warning signals, the moving average crossover confirmed a market correction or consolidation. These indicators will not necessarily cause a risk reduction precisely at the top. However, they generally provide sufficient indications to reduce risk ahead of more significant market corrections and consolidations.

I have updated the chart for this week’s market close. The massive rally on Wednesday completed the 50% retracement from the low, which allowed us to reduce portfolio risk in portfolios. Most likely, the correction process that started with the break of the 200-DMA is likely not yet complete. We will discuss those actions in the “How We Are Trading It” section below.

The market tells us that the risk of a more significant correction or consolidation process is increasing, particularly as economic growth slows and valuations are repriced for reduced earnings growth expectations. As we noted in that article two weeks ago:

“While such does not preclude a significant counter-trend rally in the short term, the longer-term risks seem to be growing.”

So far, the current corrective cycle, including the massive reflexive rally this week, remains very reminiscent of the 2022 correction. If we enter another corrective period like 2022, given some of the same technical similarities, there is a decent “playbook” to follow despite substantial differences.

In 2022, the Fed was hiking rates, inflation was surging, and economists were convinced a recession was on the horizon. As noted above, earnings estimates were revised lower, causing the markets to reprice valuations. Today, the Fed is cutting rates, and inflation is declining; however, due to Trump’s trade policies, the risk of recession is rising, and earnings estimates likely remain overly optimistic. We must realize that the analysis can change as time passes.

However, let’s review the 2022 correction process. In March 2022, the market triggered the weekly “sell signal” as it declined. Notably, the market rallied sharply after the “sell signal” was initially triggered. Much to the same degree as we saw on Wednesday. Such a rally is unsurprising, as when markets trigger “sell signals,” they are often profoundly oversold in the short term. However, that rally was an opportunity to “reduce risk,” as the failure of that rally brought sellers back into the market.

The “decline, rally, decline” process repeated until the market bottomed in October. One of the defining things we will be looking to identify where the current market will bottom is the positive divergence of momentum and relative strength. Even though markets continued to struggle in the summer or 2022, the positive divergences suggested that market lows were near.

In that article two weeks ago, we stated:

“With the market approaching decently oversold levels, I expect a rally to start as soon as this week or next.”

That rally occurred, and we are starting to track the initial “sell signal” process as of 2022. Such suggests we could see a further rally over the next week.

We used the rally this week to reduce portfolio risk and raise cash levels, and we will continue that process on a further rally. While no two corrections are the same, it is essential to understand that corrections do not occur in a straight line. With the weekly sell signal in place, investors should expect that we will likely see further declines, which will likely be punctuated by short-term rallies that allow investors to rebalance portfolio allocations and reduce risk as needed.

With that understanding, this is what we did this past week.

How We Are Trading It

Last week, we stated:

“As noted, we expect a sizable rally soon. While such a rally will undoubtedly make investors more bullish on the markets, we will use that rally to reduce portfolio volatility until a more durable market bottom is identified. Furthermore, we are triggering an important weekly sell signal. Still, the markets are simultaneously three standard deviations below their longer-term moving average, challenging the rising trend line from the October 2022 lows. Such oversold conditions typically precede short-term rallies, allowing us to reduce exposure to equities between 5500 and 5700. While the rally could be more significant, we will use those levels to begin risk reductions.”

We followed our instructions from last week, which stated that we would:

1. Reduce current positions by 1/4 to 1/2 of their current target weights.
2. Increase cash levels
3. Raise stop loss levels on long-term positions.
4. Sell positions that have technically violated previous support levels or exceeded risk tolerances.
5. Add to positions that are positioned to benefit from further market stress.

All the trades are listed at the bottom of this week’s newsletter.

Those actions reduced equity exposure to 50% and increased cash to 17%. However, the portfolio has a 2.5% short-S&P 500 position, which brings the actual equity allocation to 47.5%.

Note: We expect the market to rally more from current levels over the next week or so and could challenge the 200-DMA. However, that is likely the point where sellers will re-enter the market. Markets rarely bottom without retracing toward the previous lows or setting new lows. Given the technical damage to the market, we suspect we will see a pullback before this correction process is over.

We will continue to monitor and adjust the portfolio accordingly. At some point, the valuation reversion will be complete, allowing us to reconfigure portfolio allocations for a more bullish environment. When that event occurs, we will reduce fixed income, shift income allocations to corporate bonds rather than government bonds, and overweight equity allocations in portfolios.

However, that is a conversation we will have in more detail in the future. For now, market conditions remain uncertain. Preparing and adjusting strategies can help investors navigate volatility confidently. As technical indicators flash warning signs, a well-structured risk management approach will protect capital and preserve long-term gains.

Source: Investing