Investing.com -- Three major healthcare giants have been accused of creating secretive subsidiaries to divert billions of dollars from health plans and patients, according to an investigation published by Hunterbrook on Tuesday.
The report alleges that CVS Health, UnitedHealth Group, and Cigna Group established pharmacy benefit manager (PBM) "Group Purchasing Organizations" (GPOs) to retain rebate money that was supposed to be passed through to health plans.
These three entities - Zinc (CVS), Emisar (UnitedHealth), and Ascent (Cigna) - reportedly generate "astronomical revenue with skeleton staff," making them among the world’s most lucrative enterprises on paper despite having minimal physical presence, according to Hunterbrook’s findings.
The investigation claims these companies created these subsidiaries as a response to growing pressure to pass 100% of drug rebates to health plans. By establishing these GPOs, the companies could technically fulfill rebate pass-through promises while still retaining substantial funds.
Hunterbrook reports that their multinational investigation included interviews with executives and former staffers, analysis of healthcare data, visits to offices in Ireland and Switzerland, and reviews of thousands of pages of contracts and court records.
The report states that some health plans have discovered the arrangement through financial reviews and have recovered tens of millions of dollars from PBMs and their GPOs, according to public audit reports and court filings.
The three healthcare conglomerates control over 80% of America’s prescription drug market through their PBM subsidiaries: Optum Rx, CVS Caremark, and Evernorth Express Scripts. Their parent companies rank third, fifth, and 13th respectively on the Fortune 100 list in 2025.
According to Hunterbrook, the companies did not respond to repeated inquiries seeking clarity on these PBM GPOs. The report claims CVS sued to prevent evidence from being released, while Cigna allegedly called police on a reporter during the investigation.
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